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一、if 语句
1. 基本if-else语句
当条件成立时,执行某些语句;否则执行另一些语句。
import java.util.Scanner;public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);int a = sc.nextInt();if (a > 5) {System.out.printf("%d is big!\n", a);System.out.printf("%d + 1 = %d\n", a, a + 1);} else {System.out.printf("%d is small!\n", a);System.out.printf("%d - 1 = %d\n", a, a - 1);}}
}
else 语句可以省略:
import java.util.Scanner;public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);int a = sc.nextInt();if (a > 5) {System.out.printf("%d is big!\n", a);System.out.printf("%d + 1 = %d\n", a, a + 1);}}
}
当只有一条语句时,大括号可以省略:
import java.util.Scanner;public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);int a = sc.nextInt();if (a > 5)System.out.printf("%d is big!\n", a);elseSystem.out.printf("%d is small!\n", a);}
}
练习:输入一个整数,输出这个数的绝对值。
import java.util.Scanner;public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);int x = sc.nextInt();if (x > 0)System.out.println(x);elseSystem.out.println(-x);}
}
练习:输入两个整数,输出两个数中较大的那个。
import java.util.Scanner;public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);int a = sc.nextInt(), b = sc.nextInt();if (a > b)System.out.println(a);elseSystem.out.println(b);}
}
if-else语句内部也可以是if-else语句。
练习:输入三个整数,输出三个数中最大的那个。
import java.util.Scanner;public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);int a = sc.nextInt(), b = sc.nextInt(), c = sc.nextInt();if (a > b) {if (a > c)System.out.println(a);elseSystem.out.println(c);} else {if (b > c)System.out.println(b);elseSystem.out.println(c);}}
}
2. 常用比较运算符
(1) 大于 >
(2) 小于 <
(3) 大于等于 >=
(4) 小于等于 <=
(5) 等于 ==
(6) 不等于 !=
import java.util.Scanner;public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);int a = sc.nextInt(), b = sc.nextInt();if (a > b) System.out.printf("%d > %d\n", a, b);if (a >= b) System.out.printf("%d >= %d\n", a, b);if (a < b) System.out.printf("%d < %d\n", a, b);if (a <= b) System.out.printf("%d <= %d\n", a, b);if (a == b) System.out.printf("%d == %d\n", a, b);if (a != b) System.out.printf("%d != %d\n", a, b);}
}
3. if-else连写
输入一个0到100之间的分数,
如果大于等于85,输出A;
如果大于等于70并且小于85,输出B;
如果大于等于60并且小于70,输出C;
如果小于60,输出 D;
import java.util.Scanner;public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);int s = sc.nextInt();if (s >= 85) {System.out.println("A");} else if (s >= 70) {System.out.println("B");} else if (s >= 60) {System.out.println("C");} else {System.out.println("D");}}
}
练习:
1.判断闰年。闰年有两种情况:
(1) 能被100整除时,必须能被400整除;
(2) 不能被100整除时,被4整除即可。
输入一个年份,如果是闰年输出yes,否则输出no。
import java.util.Scanner;public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);int year = sc.nextInt();if (year % 100 == 0) {if (year % 400 == 0)System.out.println("yes");elseSystem.out.println("no");} else {if (year % 4 == 0)System.out.println("yes");elseSystem.out.println("no");}}
}
二、条件表达式
(1) 与 &&
(2) 或 ||
(3) 非 !
例题:输入三个数,输出三个数中的最大值。
import java.util.Scanner;public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);int a = sc.nextInt(), b = sc.nextInt(), c = sc.nextInt();if (a >= b && a >= c)System.out.println(a);else if (b >= a && b >= c)System.out.println(b);elseSystem.out.println(c);}
}
练习:用一条if语句,判断闰年。
import java.util.Scanner;public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);int year = sc.nextInt();if (year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0)System.out.println("yes");elseSystem.out.println("no");}
}
三、switch 语句
注意: swtich语句中如果不加break语句,则从上到下匹配到第一个case后,会顺次执行后面每个case中的语句。
import java.util.Scanner;public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);int day = sc.nextInt();String name;switch(day) {case 1:name = "Monday";break;case 2:name = "Tuesday";break;case 3:name = "Wednesday";break;case 4:name = "Thursday";break;case 5:name = "Friday";break;case 6:name = "Saturday";break;case 7:name = "Sunday";break;default:name = "not valid";}System.out.println(name);}
}