工商网站如何做实名,阿里云企业网站建设,php做网站实例,深圳有什么好玩的The war for AI talent is heating up
Big tech firms scramble to fill gaps as brain drain sets in
争夺人工智能人才的战争正在升温
随着人才流失的到来#xff0c;大型科技公司争相填补空缺
brain drain#xff1a;人才流失
scramble#xff1a;争夺#xff1b;争…The war for AI talent is heating up
Big tech firms scramble to fill gaps as brain drain sets in
争夺人工智能人才的战争正在升温
随着人才流失的到来大型科技公司争相填补空缺
brain drain人才流失
scramble争夺争取取得笨拙地移动仓促行动 原文
Pity OpenAI’s HR department. Since the start of the year the maker of ChatGPT,
the hit artificial-intelligence (AI) chatbot, has lost about a dozen top
researchers. The biggest name was Ilya Sutskever, a co-founder responsible
for many of the startup’s big breakthroughs, who announced his resignation
on May 14th. He did not give a reason, though many suspect that it is linked
to his attempt to oust Sam Altman, the firm’s boss, last December. Whatever
the motivation, the exodus is not unusual at OpenAI. According to one
estimate, of the 100-odd AI experts the firm has hired since 2016, about half
have left.
可怜OpenAI的HR部门。自今年年初以来热门人工智能聊天机器人ChatGPT的制造商已经失去了大约12名顶级研究人员。最大的名字是伊利亚·苏茨基弗(Ilya Sutskever)他是该初创公司许多重大突破的联合创始人于5月14日宣布辞职。他没有给出原因尽管许多人怀疑这与他去年12月试图驱逐公司老板萨姆·奥尔特曼有关。不管动机是什么在OpenAI大批人离开并不罕见。据估计该公司自2016年以来聘用的100多名人工智能专家中约有一半已经离开。
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pity可怜的
announce his resignation宣布辞职
oust美 [aʊst] 驱逐剥夺撤销
exodus美 [ˈɛksədəs] 大批离开
is not unusual: 很常见并不罕见
100-odd AI experts100多位
原文
That reflects not Mr Altman’s leadership but a broader trend in the
technology industry, one that OpenAI itself precipitated. Since the launch of
ChatGPT in November 2022, the market for AI labour has been transformed.
Zeki Research, a market-intelligence firm, reckons that around 20,000
companies in the West are hiring AI experts. Rapid advances in machine
learning and the potential for a “platform shift”—tech-speak for the creation
of an all-new layer of technology—has changed the types of skills
employers are demanding and the places where those who possess them are
going. The result is a market where AI talent, previously hoarded at tech
giants, is becoming more distributed
这反映的不是奥特曼的领导能力而是科技行业的一个更广泛的趋势一个由OpenAI本身促成的趋势。自ChatGPT于2022年11月推出以来人工智能劳动力市场已经发生了变化。市场情报公司Zeki Research估计西方大约有20000家公司正在雇佣人工智能专家。机器学习的快速发展和“平台转移”的潜力(技术术语指创造一个全新的技术层)改变了雇主需要的技能类型和拥有这些技能的人去的地方。其结果是以前囤积在科技巨头手中的人工智能人才变得更加分散
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precipitated美 [prɪ’sɪpɪteɪtɪd] 使事件、情况尤指坏事或讨厌之事突如其来地发生促成使…沉淀
tech-speak技术术语
hoarded美 [hɔ:did] 囤积贮藏hoard的过去式
原文
Start with the skills. Goliaths such as Microsoft and Google may be laying
off non-engineers but they are seeking out star researchers who can
understand, and build, cutting-edge models. This group consists of perhaps
several hundred people such as Mr Sutskever or Jeff Dean, who runs
Google’s AI efforts. Companies covet such superstars because they can
produce breakthroughs that, say, dramatically increase the efficiency of an
AI system or make it less prone to make things up. That makes them incredibly
valuable; many command seven-figure pay packages.
从技能开始。微软和谷歌等巨头可能会解雇非工程师但他们正在寻找能够理解和构建前沿模型的明星研究人员。这个团队可能由数百人组成比如负责谷歌人工智能项目的Sutskever先生或Jeff Dean。公司觊觎这样的超级明星因为他们可以产生突破比如说大幅提高人工智能系统的效率或使其不太容易捏造事实。这使得它们非常有价值。许多人要求七位数的薪酬。
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Goliath美 [ɡəˈlaɪəθ] 巨人巨头
lay off裁员解雇
covet美 [ˈkʌvət] 渴望具有觊觎垂涎贪求
seven-figure七位数
原文
Some are hired without interviews—or as entire teams. In March Microsoft
recruited most of the staff of Inflection AI, a startup building cutting-edge
models, including its co-founder, Mustafa Suleyman—a move that has
reportedly attracted the attention of trustbusters at the Federal Trade
Commission. (Mr Suleyman sits on the board of The Economist’s parent
company.) Mark Zuckerberg, the boss of Meta (Facebook’s parent
company), personally emailed some researchers at DeepMind, Google’s AI
lab, in an effort to enlist them.
有些人没有面试就被录用了——或者是整个团队。今年3月微软招聘了构建前沿模型的初创公司Inflection AI的大部分员工包括其联合创始人穆斯塔法·苏莱曼(Mustafa suleyman)——据报道这一举动引起了美国联邦贸易委员会反垄断官员的注意。(苏莱曼先生是《经济学人》母公司的董事。脸书母公司Meta的老板马克·扎克伯格亲自给谷歌人工智能实验室DeepMind的一些研究人员发了电子邮件试图招募他们。
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trustbuster美 [ˈtrəs(t)ˌbəstər] 反垄断者
parent company母公司
enlist招募 原文
More intriguing is how generative AI has changed the talent market further
down the ladder. According to data from Indeed, a job-listing website, one in
40 vacancies for software developers in America mentions skills related to
“generative” AI, the sort that makes ChatGPT so humanlike. That is a more than
100-fold increase since the start of 2023 (see chart 1). Amit Bhatia, co-
founder of Datapeople.io, a research firm, says that before ChatGPT a medium-
sized tech firm might employ a handful of AI engineers who built small
models to do things such as analyse the sentiments of customers’ emails.
Today generative models can do a much better job than small, in-house
efforts.
更耐人寻味的是生成式人工智能是如何进一步改变人才市场的。根据工作列表网站Indeed的数据美国软件开发人员的40个职位空缺中有一个提到了与“生成性”人工智能相关的技能这种技能使得ChatGPT如此像人。这是自2023年初以来超过100倍的增长(见图表1)。研究公司Datapeople.io的联合创始人阿米特巴蒂亚(Amit Bhatia)表示在ChatGPT之前一家中型科技公司可能会雇佣一些人工智能工程师他们构建小型模型来做一些事情例如分析客户电子邮件的情绪。如今生成模型可以比小型的内部工作做得更好。
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intriguing有趣的迷人的引人入胜的
talent market人才市场
vacancies美 [ˈveɪkənsiz] 空位vacancy的复数
原文
The result is that some AI engineers are now being asked to work out which AI
system to use and how to connect it to a company’s data. Mr Bhatia says that
the share of software-engineering job listings citing such “
MLops” (short for machine-learning operations) has doubled since early 2022.
结果是一些人工智能工程师现在被要求找出使用哪种人工智能系统以及如何将其与公司的数据联系起来。巴蒂亚先生说自2022年初以来引用这种“MLops”(机器学习操作的缩写)的软件工程工作清单的份额翻了一番。
原文
Different types of skills are also in demand. Kelsey Szot, a co-founder of
Adept, another AI startup, points to individuals who quickly learn how to use
AI tools and can stitch them together to build something new and impressive.
Unlike the stuffy PhDs, they come up with ideas that are often not
academically elegant. But, says Ms Szot, they will solve a problem on a tight
deadline. In the ultra-competitive world of AI startups, that is invaluable.
也需要不同类型的技能。另一家创业公司Adept的联合创始人凯尔西·索特(Kelsey Szot)指出一些人很快就学会了如何使用人工智能工具并能把它们组合在一起打造出令人印象深刻的新东西。与古板的博士不同他们提出的想法通常在学术上并不优雅。但是绍特女士说他们将在紧迫的期限内解决问题。在人工智能初创公司竞争异常激烈的世界里这是无价的。
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stitch美 [stɪtʃ] 缝缝补缝纫
invaluable无价之宝
come up with ideas想出idea
ultra-competitive竞争异常激烈的
原文
As a result of all this demand, talent flows are shifting. For years engineers
flocked to the big-tech quintet: Alphabet (Google’s corporate parent),
Amazon, Apple, Meta and Microsoft. Live Data Technologies, a research
firm, tracks job moves between companies. Of the AI workers in its database,
the big five’s cumulative net additions (hires minus departures) averaged
168 a month between January 2019 and November 2022, when ChatGPT was
released. Many of those who left one of the big five simply joined another.
由于所有这些需求人才流动正在发生转变。多年来工程师们蜂拥至高科技五重奏:Alphabet(谷歌的母公司)、亚马逊、苹果、Meta和微软。研究公司Live Data Technologies追踪公司之间的工作变动。在其数据库中的人工智能工人中五大公司在2019年1月至2022年11月(ChatGPT发布时)的累计净增加量(雇用量减去离职量)平均为每月168人。许多离开五大巨头之一的人只是加入了另一家。
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talent flow人才流动
quintet美 [kwɪnˈtɛt] 五重奏乐团五重唱组合 原文
Over the next nine months, though, the net flow of AI workers to the giants
reversed to an average monthly outflow. They are now once again adding to
their AI payrolls, by poaching boffins from less-big tech companies with less
impressive AI pedigrees, such as IBM and Oracle. But the net inflows have still
not returned to their long-run average (see chart 2).
然而在接下来的9个月里人工智能工人向巨头的净流动逆转为平均每月流出。他们现在再次增加了他们的人工智能工资单从人工智能血统不那么令人印象深刻的小科技公司挖走了研究人员如IBM和Oracle。但净流入仍未回到长期平均水平(见图表2)。
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payroll工资单薪资名册
poach美 [poʊtʃ] 偷猎偷捕挖走他人员工
boffins美 [bɒfɪnz] 科学工作者研究员boffin的复数
pedigree美 [ˈpɛdəˌɡri] 血统家谱
原文
Where is the AI talent going instead? One popular destination is Nvidia, a
chipmaker whose “graphics-processing units” are powering the AI boom and
whose ambitions extend beyond hardware to software and applications. This
month its market value surpassed $3trn, within striking distance of
Microsoft, the world’s most valuable company. Others joined more mature
startups, such as Databricks, a database and AI firm, and OpenAI.
AI人才反而去了哪里一个受欢迎的目的地是芯片制造商Nvidia它的“图形处理单元”正在推动人工智能的繁荣它的雄心超越了硬件延伸到软件和应用程序。本月其市值超过3万亿美元与世界上最有价值的公司微软仅一步之遥。其他人加入了更成熟的初创公司如数据库和人工智能公司Databricks和OpenAI。
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power the AI boom推动AI繁荣
market value市值
原文
But one in seven of the big-tech leavers went to startups in “stealth” mode,
which have not unveiled products or announced plans. All eight authors of
“Attention is all you need”, a paper published in 2017 that provided the
algorithmic underpinnings of generative AI, have left Google, where they
worked at the time. Seven have founded their own firms (the other joined OpenAI).
但是七分之一的高科技离职者去了“秘密”模式的初创公司这些公司还没有推出产品或宣布计划。2017年发表的一篇论文“注意力是你所需要的一切”的八位作者都已经离开了他们当时工作的谷歌该论文提供了生成式人工智能的算法基础。七人成立了自己的公司(另一人加入了OpenAI)。
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unveil products推出产品
原文
One motivation for going to a smaller startup may be financial. For an
AI wizard the potential rewards from owning a stake in a successful firm could
easily outweigh the salary and stock options offered by a tech juggernaut.
Researchers also increasingly want to work on meaningful problems. Since
2015 the number of them joining the health-care sector each year has
increased 20-fold, according to Zeki (which may explain why Google is
working on Med-PaLM2, an AI doctor). Another motive is autonomy. “There is
just too much brand risk in big companies to ever launch anything fun,”
Noam Shazeer, one of the authors of the attention paper, told a venture-
capital conference last September. He went on to co-found Character.ai,
which allows users to create chatbots with different personalities.
去小型创业公司的一个动机可能是财务上的。对于一个人工智能奇才来说拥有一家成功公司的股份的潜在回报很容易超过科技巨头提供的工资和股票期权。研究人员也越来越想研究有意义的问题。根据Zeki的说法自2015年以来他们加入医疗保健行业的人数每年增加20倍(这可能解释了为什么谷歌正在研究人工智能医生Med-PaLM2)。另一个动机是自主。“大公司的品牌风险太大以至于不能推出任何有趣的东西”Attention paper的作者之一诺姆·沙泽尔在去年9月的一次风险投资会议上说。他继续合作创建了Character.ai允许用户创建具有不同个性的聊天机器人。
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wizard 美 [ˈwɪzərd] 魔法师男巫术士奇才专家能手行家
juggernaut美 [ˈdʒəɡərˌnɔt] 重型货车势不可挡的巨大力量
tech juggernaut科技巨头
原文
The good news for big tech and small startups alike is that the supply of
AI labour is growing. One source is academia. According to a report from
Stanford University, in 2011 about 41% of AI PhDs took jobs in industry,
roughly the same share as those taking jobs in academia. By 2022 that figure
stood at 71% for industry, compared with 20% for academia. Universities
are teaching more AI, too. The number of English-language,
AI-related degree programmes has tripled since 2017. “All computer-science departments are
becoming machine-learning departments,” says Naveen Rao of Databricks.
对大型科技公司和小型创业公司来说好消息是人工智能劳动力的供应正在增长。一个来源是学术界。根据斯坦福大学的一份报告2011年大约41%的人工智能博士在工业界工作与在学术界工作的比例大致相同。到2022年工业界的这一数字为71%而学术界为20%。大学也在教授更多的人工智能。自2017年以来英语人工智能相关学位课程的数量增加了两倍。“所有的计算机科学部门都在成为机器学习部门”Databricks的Naveen Rao说。
原文
For American companies, which dominate the global AI industry, hiring from
other countries is another way to alleviate the talent shortage. In October
President Joe Biden signed an executive order to try to loosen immigration
rules to let more AI experts study and work in America. Google and Microsoft
have written to the Department of Labour to show their support for the plan.
Other governments want the same thing. The EU is planning training schemes
and subsidies. The Chinese government plans to attract talent to its shores
by, among other things, establishing AI academies in Beijing and Shanghai.
On every level, competition for AI workers is heating up. ■
对于主导全球人工智能行业的美国公司来说从其他国家招聘是缓解人才短缺的另一种方式。10月乔·拜登总统签署了一项行政命令试图放宽移民规则让更多的人工智能专家在美国学习和工作。谷歌和微软已经写信给劳工部以示对该计划的支持。其他政府也想要同样的东西。欧盟正在计划培训计划和补贴。中国政府计划通过在北京和上海建立人工智能学院等方式吸引人才。在各个层面上对人工智能人员的竞争都在升温。■
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alleviate the talent shortage缓解人才短缺
attract talent吸引人才
后记
2024年6月22日16点29分于上海。
