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绪论#xff1a;实验步骤
1、环境准备
2、所有节点安装docker
3、所有节点安装kubeadm#xff0c;kubelet和kubectl
4、部署K8S集群
5、部署 Dashboard
6、安装Harbor私有仓库 master#xff08;2C/4G#xff0c;cpu核心数要求大于2#xff09; 192.168.…目录
绪论实验步骤
1、环境准备
2、所有节点安装docker
3、所有节点安装kubeadmkubelet和kubectl
4、部署K8S集群
5、部署 Dashboard
6、安装Harbor私有仓库 master2C/4Gcpu核心数要求大于2 192.168.10.19 docker、kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl、flannel node012C/2G 192.168.10.20 docker、kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl、flannel node022C/2G 192.168.10.21 docker、kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl、flannel Harbor节点hub.kgc.com 192.168.10.13 docker、docker-compose、harbor-offline-v1.2.2
绪论实验步骤
1、在所有节点上安装Docker和kubeadm 2、部署Kubernetes Master 3、部署容器网络插件 4、部署 Kubernetes Node将节点加入Kubernetes集群中 5、部署 Dashboard Web 页面可视化查看Kubernetes资源 6、部署 Harbor 私有仓库存放镜像资源 1、环境准备 //所有节点关闭防火墙规则关闭selinux关闭swap交换 systemctl stop firewalld systemctl disable firewalld setenforce 0 sed -i s/enforcing/disabled/ /etc/selinux/config iptables -F iptables -t nat -F iptables -t mangle -F iptables -X swapoff -a #交换分区必须要关闭 sed -ri s/.*swap.*/#/ /etc/fstab #永久关闭swap分区符号在sed命令中代表上次匹配的结果 #加载 ip_vs 模块 for i in $(ls /usr/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs|grep -o ^[^.]*);do echo $i; /sbin/modinfo -F filename $i /dev/null 21 /sbin/modprobe $i;done
//修改主机名 hostnamectl set-hostname master01 hostnamectl set-hostname node01 hostnamectl set-hostname node02
//所有节点修改hosts文件 vim /etc/hosts 192.168.10.19 master01 192.168.10.20 node01 192.168.10.21 node02
//调整内核参数 cat /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf EOF #开启网桥模式可将网桥的流量传递给iptables链 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables1 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables1 #关闭ipv6协议 net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv61 net.ipv4.ip_forward1 EOF
//生效参数 sysctl --system 2、所有节点安装docker yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
mkdir /etc/docker cat /etc/docker/daemon.json EOF { registry-mirrors: [https://6ijb8ubo.mirror.aliyuncs.com], exec-opts: [native.cgroupdriversystemd], log-driver: json-file, log-opts: { max-size: 100m } } EOF #使用Systemd管理的Cgroup来进行资源控制与管理因为相对Cgroupfs而言Systemd限制CPU、内存等资源更加简单和成熟稳定。 #日志使用json-file格式类型存储大小为100M保存在/var/log/containers目录下方便ELK等日志系统收集和管理日志。
systemctl daemon-reload systemctl restart docker.service systemctl enable docker.service
docker info | grep Cgroup Driver Cgroup Driver: systemd 3、所有节点安装kubeadmkubelet和kubectl //定义kubernetes源 cat /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo EOF [kubernetes] nameKubernetes baseurlhttps://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64 enabled1 gpgcheck0 repo_gpgcheck0 gpgkeyhttps://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg EOF
yum install -y kubelet-1.20.11 kubeadm-1.20.11 kubectl-1.20.11
//开机自启kubelet systemctl enable kubelet.service #K8S通过kubeadm安装出来以后都是以Pod方式存在即底层是以容器方式运行所以kubelet必须设置开机自启 4、部署K8S集群 //查看初始化需要的镜像 kubeadm config images list
//在 master 节点上传 v1.20.11.zip 压缩包至 /opt 目录 unzip v1.20.11.zip -d /opt/k8s cd /opt/k8s/v1.20.11 for i in $(ls *.tar); do docker load -i $i; done
//复制镜像和脚本到 node 节点并在 node 节点上执行脚本加载镜像文件 scp -r /opt/k8s rootnode01:/opt scp -r /opt/k8s rootnode02:/opt
//初始化kubeadm 方法一 kubeadm config print init-defaults /opt/kubeadm-config.yaml
cd /opt/ vim kubeadm-config.yaml ...... 11 localAPIEndpoint: 12 advertiseAddress: 192.168.10.19 #指定master节点的IP地址 13 bindPort: 6443 ...... 34 kubernetesVersion: v1.20.11 #指定kubernetes版本号 35 networking: 36 dnsDomain: cluster.local 37 podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16 #指定pod网段10.244.0.0/16用于匹配flannel默认网段 38 serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/16 #指定service网段 39 scheduler: {} #末尾再添加以下内容 --- apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1 kind: KubeProxyConfiguration mode: ipvs #把默认的kube-proxy调度方式改为ipvs模式
kubeadm init --configkubeadm-config.yaml --upload-certs | tee kubeadm-init.log #--experimental-upload-certs 参数可以在后续执行加入节点时自动分发证书文件K8S V1.16版本开始替换为 --upload-certs #tee kubeadm-init.log 用以输出日志
//查看 kubeadm-init 日志 less kubeadm-init.log
//kubernetes配置文件目录 ls /etc/kubernetes/
//存放ca等证书和密码的目录 ls /etc/kubernetes/pki 方法二 kubeadm init \ --apiserver-advertise-address192.168.10.19 \ --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \ --kubernetes-versionv1.20.11 \ --service-cidr10.96.0.0/16 \ --pod-network-cidr10.244.0.0/16 \ --token-ttl0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 初始化集群需使用kubeadm init命令可以指定具体参数初始化也可以指定配置文件初始化。 可选参数 --apiserver-advertise-addressapiserver通告给其他组件的IP地址一般应该为Master节点的用于集群内部通信的IP地址0.0.0.0表示节点上所有可用地址 --apiserver-bind-portapiserver的监听端口默认是6443 --cert-dir通讯的ssl证书文件默认/etc/kubernetes/pki --control-plane-endpoint控制台平面的共享终端可以是负载均衡的ip地址或者dns域名高可用集群时需要添加 --image-repository拉取镜像的镜像仓库默认是k8s.gcr.io --kubernetes-version指定kubernetes版本 --pod-network-cidrpod资源的网段需与pod网络插件的值设置一致。Flannel网络插件的默认为10.244.0.0/16Calico插件的默认值为192.168.0.0/16 --service-cidrservice资源的网段 --service-dns-domainservice全域名的后缀默认是cluster.local --token-ttl默认token的有效期为24小时如果不想过期可以加上 --token-ttl0 这个参数 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
方法二初始化后需要修改 kube-proxy 的 configmap开启 ipvs kubectl edit cm kube-proxy -nkube-system 修改mode: ipvs
提示 ...... Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user: mkdir -p $HOME/.kube sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run: export KUBECONFIG/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster. Run kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml with one of the options listed at: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
kubeadm join 192.168.10.19:6443 --token wfjo7j.baa0aheyw39w3m7h \ --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:77100ff66b20100cbd9f1c289788e43aee69c5b4e24cc2c74c2e5d634a074fdc //设定kubectl kubectl需经由API server认证及授权后方能执行相应的管理操作kubeadm 部署的集群为其生成了一个具有管理员权限的认证配置文件 /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf它可由 kubectl 通过默认的 “$HOME/.kube/config” 的路径进行加载。
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config //如果 kubectl get cs 发现集群不健康更改以下两个文件 vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-scheduler.yaml vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml # 修改如下内容 把--bind-address127.0.0.1变成--bind-address192.168.10.19 #修改成k8s的控制节点master01的ip 把httpGet:字段下的hosts由127.0.0.1变成192.168.10.19有两处 #- --port0 # 搜索port0把这一行注释掉
systemctl restart kubelet //所有节点部署网络插件flannel 方法一 //所有节点上传flannel镜像 flannel.tar 到 /opt 目录master节点上传 kube-flannel.yml 文件 cd /opt docker load flannel.tar
//在 master 节点创建 flannel 资源 kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml 方法二 kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
kubectl apply -f https://github.com/flannel-io/flannel/releases/latest/download/kube-flannel.yml //在 node 节点上执行 kubeadm join 命令加入群集 kubeadm join 192.168.10.19:6443 --token rc0kfs.a1sfe3gl4dvopck5 \ --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:864fe553c812df2af262b406b707db68b0fd450dc08b34efb73dd5a4771d37a2 //在master节点查看节点状态 kubectl get nodes
kubectl get pods -n kube-system NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE coredns-bccdc95cf-c9w6l 1/1 Running 0 71m coredns-bccdc95cf-nql5j 1/1 Running 0 71m etcd-master 1/1 Running 0 71m kube-apiserver-master 1/1 Running 0 70m kube-controller-manager-master 1/1 Running 0 70m kube-flannel-ds-amd64-kfhwf 1/1 Running 0 2m53s kube-flannel-ds-amd64-qkdfh 1/1 Running 0 46m kube-flannel-ds-amd64-vffxv 1/1 Running 0 2m56s kube-proxy-558p8 1/1 Running 0 2m53s kube-proxy-nwd7g 1/1 Running 0 2m56s kube-proxy-qpz8t 1/1 Running 0 71m kube-scheduler-master 1/1 Running 0 70m //测试 pod 资源创建 kubectl create deployment nginx --imagenginx
kubectl get pods -o wide NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES nginx-554b9c67f9-zr2xs 1/1 Running 0 14m 10.244.1.2 node01 none none
//暴露端口提供服务 kubectl expose deployment nginx --port80 --typeNodePort
kubectl get svc NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 none 443/TCP 3h57m myapp-ky20 NodePort 10.96.56.120 none 80:32404/TCP 3s //测试访问 curl http://node01:32404
//扩展3个副本 kubectl scale deployment nginx --replicas3 kubectl get pods -o wide NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES nginx-554b9c67f9-9kh4s 1/1 Running 0 66s 10.244.1.3 node01 none none nginx-554b9c67f9-rv77q 1/1 Running 0 66s 10.244.2.2 node02 none none nginx-554b9c67f9-zr2xs 1/1 Running 0 17m 10.244.1.2 node01 none none 5、部署 Dashboard //在 master01 节点上操作 #上传 recommended.yaml 文件到 /opt/k8s 目录中 cd /opt/k8s vim recommended.yaml #默认Dashboard只能集群内部访问修改Service为NodePort类型暴露到外部 kind: Service apiVersion: v1 metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kubernetes-dashboard spec: ports: - port: 443 targetPort: 8443 nodePort: 30001 #添加 type: NodePort #添加 selector: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml
#创建service account并绑定默认cluster-admin管理员集群角色 kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrolecluster-admin --serviceaccountkube-system:dashboard-admin kubectl describe secrets -n kube-system $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | awk /dashboard-admin/{print $1}) #使用输出的token登录Dashboard https://NodeIP:30001 6、安装Harbor私有仓库 //修改主机名 hostnamectl set-hostname hub.kgc.com
//所有节点加上主机名映射 echo 192.168.10.23 hub.kgc.com /etc/hosts
//安装 docker yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
mkdir /etc/docker cat /etc/docker/daemon.json EOF { registry-mirrors: [https://6ijb8ubo.mirror.aliyuncs.com], exec-opts: [native.cgroupdriversystemd], log-driver: json-file, log-opts: { max-size: 100m }, insecure-registries: [https://hub.kgc.com] } EOF
systemctl start docker systemctl enable docker //所有 node 节点都修改 docker 配置文件加上私有仓库配置 cat /etc/docker/daemon.json EOF { registry-mirrors: [https://6ijb8ubo.mirror.aliyuncs.com], exec-opts: [native.cgroupdriversystemd], log-driver: json-file, log-opts: { max-size: 100m }, insecure-registries: [https://hub.kgc.com] } EOF
systemctl daemon-reload systemctl restart docker //安装 Harbor //上传 harbor-offline-installer-v1.2.2.tgz 和 docker-compose 文件到 /opt 目录 cd /opt cp docker-compose /usr/local/bin/ chmod x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
tar zxvf harbor-offline-installer-v1.2.2.tgz cd harbor/ vim harbor.cfg 5 hostname hub.kgc.com 9 ui_url_protocol https 24 ssl_cert /data/cert/server.crt 25 ssl_cert_key /data/cert/server.key 59 harbor_admin_password Harbor12345 //生成证书 mkdir -p /data/cert cd /data/cert #生成私钥 openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 2048 输入两遍密码123456
#生成证书签名请求文件 openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr 输入私钥密码123456 输入国家名CN 输入省名BJ 输入市名BJ 输入组织名KGC 输入机构名KGC 输入域名hub.kgc.com 输入管理员邮箱adminkgc.com 其它全部直接回车
#备份私钥 cp server.key server.key.org
#清除私钥密码 openssl rsa -in server.key.org -out server.key 输入私钥密码123456
#签名证书 openssl x509 -req -days 1000 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt chmod x /data/cert/*
cd /opt/harbor/ ./install.sh
在本地使用火狐浏览器访问https://hub.kgc.com 添加例外 - 确认安全例外 用户名admin 密码Harbor12345
//在一个node节点上登录harbor docker login -u admin -p Harbor12345 https://hub.kgc.com
//上传镜像 docker tag nginx:latest hub.kgc.com/library/nginx:v1 docker push hub.kgc.com/library/nginx:v1
//在master节点上删除之前创建的nginx资源 kubectl delete deployment nginx
kubectl create deployment nginx-deployment --imagehub.kgc.com/library/nginx:v1 --port80 --replicas3
kubectl expose deployment nginx-deployment --port30000 --target-port80
kubectl get svc,pods NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 none 443/TCP 10m service/nginx-deployment ClusterIP 10.96.222.161 none 30000/TCP 3m15s
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE pod/nginx-deployment-77bcbfbfdc-bv5bz 1/1 Running 0 16s pod/nginx-deployment-77bcbfbfdc-fq8wr 1/1 Running 0 16s pod/nginx-deployment-77bcbfbfdc-xrg45 1/1 Running 0 3m39s yum install ipvsadm -y ipvsadm -Ln
curl 10.96.222.161:30000 kubectl edit svc nginx-deployment 25 type: NodePort #把调度策略改成NodePort
kubectl get svc NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 none 443/TCP 29m service/nginx-deployment NodePort 10.96.222.161 none 30000:32340/TCP 22m
浏览器访问 192.168.10.19:32340 192.168.10.20:32340 192.168.10.21:32340 #将cluster-admin角色权限授予用户system:anonymous kubectl create clusterrolebinding cluster-system-anonymous --clusterrolecluster-admin --usersystem:anonymous ########### 内核参数优化方案 ########## cat /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf EOF net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables1 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables1 net.ipv4.ip_forward1 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle0 vm.swappiness0 #禁止使用 swap 空间只有当系统内存不足OOM时才允许使用它 vm.overcommit_memory1 #不检查物理内存是否够用 vm.panic_on_oom0 #开启 OOM fs.inotify.max_user_instances8192 fs.inotify.max_user_watches1048576 fs.file-max52706963 #指定最大文件句柄数 fs.nr_open52706963 #仅4.4以上版本支持 net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv61 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max2310720 EOF
